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    PneuNets Bending Actuators

    PneuNets (pneumatic networks) are a class of soft actuator originally developed by the Whitesides Research Group at Harvard. They are made up of a series of channels and chambers inside an elastomer. These channels inflate when pressurized, creating motion.

    The nature of this motion is controlled by modifying the geometry of the embedded chambers and the material properties of their walls. When a PneuNets actuator is...

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    Design

    The PneuNet actuator documented here consists of a series of chambers arranged in a row, where the thinnest wall sections are those between each chamber and the next. The strain-limiting layer is a piece of paper embedded in the base.

    When the device is inflated, the chambers expand, and the thin walls between the chambers bulge out the most. This would cause the actuator to expand in the axial direction, but since the strain-limiting layer does not expand, the actuator bends instead.

    ...

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    Fabrication

    This section contains detailed step-by-step instructions for casting a PneuNets bending actuator. As explained in the previous sections, the PneuNets actuator consists of two parts: the main body containing the chambers that will expand when the actuator is inflated, and a bottom layer containing a strain-limiting material such as paper. The two parts are molded separately and then glued together. With the use of an oven to accelerate the curing process, the actuator parts can be cast and assembled in less than an hour. An overview of the process is provided below.

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    Testing

    This section describes some examples of empirical tests that have been carried out to characterize PneuNets actuators. The aim of presenting these examples is to help you think about what types of tests you may need to perform to help guide your design. You may find the methods described useful for characterizing the behavior of your own actuator designs.

    In many of these examples, the researchers conducted the tests in order to validate the results of their Modeling and Analysis. The tests were carried out...

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    Modeling

    This section describes how to perform Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis of our PneuNet actuator using the Abaqus software suite. FEM allows us to model the behavior of the actuator and see the effects of changing various parameters such as material stiffness or chamber dimensions, without needing to refabricate and retest the actuator every time a design parameter is changed.

    The Abaqus input file created in this tutorial can be downloaded...

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